[doi: 10.5505/2017ichc.PP-163]
The Effects of Melatonin on Possible Damage Will Be Occur on Adipocytokines and Testis With The Coadministration of Fructose and Bisphenol A
Ismail Türkoğlu1, Suna Ömeroğlu1, Mustafa Kavutçu2, Saadet Özen Akarca Dizakar1, Neslihan Coşkun Akçay4, Meriç Arda Eşmekaya3, Murat Kocabıyık22Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
3Department of Biophysics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Reproductive system includes complex biological processes that can be disrupted by exposure to environmental contaminants and affected by dietary habit. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical contaminants produced in the highest quantity worldwide. BPA affects the normal development and function of the male reproductive system. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that BPA may influence adipocytokines related male reproductive system. Furthermore, increasing daily dietary fructose consumption poses a threat to human health. Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and endogen antioxidant, in addition has important effects in the reproductive and metabolic regulation.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of coadministration of fructose and bısphenol A on the testis tissue, adipocytokines in the this tissue and therapeutic effect of melatonin on possible damage.
For these purpose, forty-two pubertal male Wistar-albino rats were divided equally into seven groups. Groups are; Group 1:(n=6) Control (sesame oil+ethanol), Group 2: (n=6) Fructose Group (%10 D-Fructose), Group 3: (n=6) BPA Group (25mg/bw/day), Group 4: (n=6) F-BPA Group (%10 D-Fructose+BPA 25mg/bw/day), Group 5: (n=6) F-Melatonin Group (20 mg//bw/day), Group 6: (n=6) BPA-Melatonin Group, Group 7: (n=6) F-BPA-Melatonin Group. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were sacrificed and the testis tissue of rats were removed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Leptin and Adiponectin antibody immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL methods were performed. Fructose, BPA and Fructose+BPA cause testicular damage with decreased at diameter of the seminiferous tubule and seminiferous tubule epithelial thickness. The damage at Fructose+BPA group was much more than BPA while fructose group had minor damage than others. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and Apoptosis (with Annexin V FITC apoptosis detection kit) at the testis were measured using Flow cytometry. The findings of apoptosis measurements support results of examination of the testis tissue using routine light microscope techniques.
Furthermore; In case of administration of Fructose, BPA and Fructose+BPA to rats, it is seen that the increases in lipid peroxidation levels in testis tissue depending on increased oxidative stress in this tissue. Melatonin has been found to induce testis tissue antioxidant enzyme activity at the positive direction and reduce the levels of lipid peroxidation.
Figure 2
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A-B: Fructose+BPA group, testis tissue H&E Tunica albuginea (TA), Seminiferous tubules (), interstitial space (), vascular structure (), bazal menbrane (BM), germ cells (), cell debris (), immature germ cells () ve interstitial space damage () (H&E x100, x400)
Figure 3
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Figure 3: A.The testis of fructose+melatonin group (H&E, x100) B.The testis of fructose+melatonin group (H&E, x400) C. BPA+melatonin group (H&E, x100) D. BPA+melatonin group (H&E, x400) E. BPA group (H&E, x100) D. BPA group (H&E, x400)
Seminiferous tubules (st), spermatogonia(sg), spermatozoa (), primer spermatocytes (), Sertoli cells () interstitial space(), Leydig cells (▲), myoid cells (M) vascular structure(↖↖) Tunica albuginea(TA), blood vessel (KD)
Seminiferous tubules (st), spermatogonia(sg), spermatozoa (), primer spermatocytes (), Sertoli cells () interstitial space(), Leydig cells (▲), myoid cells (M) vascular structure(↖↖) Tunica albuginea(TA), blood vessel (KD)
Figure 4
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A:Control group, B: Fructose group, C: BPA group, D: Fructose-BPA group, ObR immunohistochemistry staining, Testis tissue (x400)
Figure 5
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A:Fructose-Melatonin group, B: BPA-Melatonin group, C: Fructose-BPA Melatonin group, ObR immunohistochemistry staining, Testis tissue (x400)
Figure 6
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A:Control group, B: Fructose group, C: BPA group, D: Fructose-BPA group, AdR1 immunohistochemistry staining, Testis tissue (x400)
Figure 7
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A:Fructose-Melatonin group, B: BPA-Melatonin group, C: Fructose-BPA Melatonin group, AdR1 immunohistochemistry staining, Testis tissue (x400)
Figure 1:
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Figure 1: A.The testis of control group (H&E, x100) B.The testis of control group (H&E, x400) C. Fructose group (H&E, x100) D. Fructose group (H&E, x400) E. BPA group (H&E, x100) D. BPA group (H&E, x400)
Seminiferous tubules (st), spermatogonia(sg), spermatozoa (), primer spermatocytes (), Sertoli cells () interstitial space(), Leydig cells (▲), myoid cells (M) vascular structure(↖↖) Tunica albuginea(TA), blood vessel (KD)
Seminiferous tubules (st), spermatogonia(sg), spermatozoa (), primer spermatocytes (), Sertoli cells () interstitial space(), Leydig cells (▲), myoid cells (M) vascular structure(↖↖) Tunica albuginea(TA), blood vessel (KD)